Maine’s Arctic Future: Balancing Economic Opportunity, Geopolitical Risk, and Legal Responsibility

Authors

Emily Elmore, University of Maine School of Law

Document Type

Comment

Abstract

This Paper explores the dynamic intersection of climate change, geopolitical strategy, and economic development in the rapidly changing Arctic landscape, focusing on existing legal paradigms and Maine’s unique position as a pivotal player in this context. Maine, with its historic ties to the Arctic, scientific partnerships, and strategic location as the northernmost port on the United States East Coast, is well-placed to capitalize on emerging economic opportunities. However, these opportunities are accompanied by substantial risks, including climate change impacts, operational challenges in the harsh Arctic environment, and geopolitical tensions among rival states vying for influence in the region. This Paper discusses the importance of adherence to customary international law and the role of international institutions in mitigating geopolitical risks and fostering cooperative problem-solving. It analyzes Maine’s role in this evolving scenario, including the state’s capacity to nurture relationships with key Arctic nations, foster strong trade connections, and support national security objectives. This Paper emphasizes the need for sustainable development in the Arctic that benefits local communities and minimizes environmental impacts. It concludes that Maine’s strategic positioning and existing infrastructure, including its security relationship with the Department of Defense (DOD) and research initiatives, position it to play a key role in the Arctic’s future by balancing economic opportunities with the challenges of the region’s complex geographical and geopolitical terrain.

First Page

101

Recommended Citation

Emily Elmore, Maine’s Arctic Future: Balancing Economic Opportunity, Geopolitical Risk, and Legal Responsibility, 30 Ocean & Coastal L.J. 101 (2025).
Available at: https://digitalcommons.mainelaw.maine.edu/oclj/vol30/iss1/5